Berserker - Wikipedia. Woodcut of the image on the Vendel era helmet plate found on . Berserkers are attested to in numerous Old Norse sources, as were the Ulfhednar (wolf- coats). Etymology. Others derive it from the preferred berr (Germ, b.
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Its values included self- reliance, self- control, strict training, able to perform feats with weapons, and to be willing to die selflessly defending family and companions. It was a religious code. Later, the coming of Christianity would transform the religious element into the chivalrous knight and the animal totems into heraldic devices. Three main animal cults appeared in the northern martial arts: the bear, the wolf, and the wild boar. The scenes show his Roman soldiers plus auxiliaries and allies from Rome's border regions, including tribal warriors from both sides of the Rhine.
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There are warriors depicted as bare- foot, bare- chested, bearing weapons and helmets that are associated with the Germani. Scene 3. 6 on the column shows some of these warriors standing together, with some wearing bearhoods and some wearing wolfhoods. Nowhere else in history are Germanic bear- warriors and wolf- warriors fighting together recorded until 8. AD, with Th. They would howl like wild beasts, foamed at the mouth, and gnawed the iron rim of their shields.
According to belief, during these fits they were immune to steel and fire, and made great havoc in the ranks of the enemy. When the fever abated they were weak and tame. Accounts can be found in the sagas. One who could transform as a berserker was typically thought of as .
This is generally interpreted as the band of men being . The Germanic wolf- warriors have left their trace through shields and standards that were captured by the Romans and displayed in the armilustrium in Rome. The . This is called 'going berserk'. The powerful god Freyr owned the boar Gullinbursti and the goddess Freyja owned Hildisv. The boar- warriors fought at the lead of a battle formation known as Svinfylking (.
They have been described as the masters of disguise, and of escape with an intimate knowledge of the landscape. Later, by Christian interpreters, the berserker was viewed as a . This translation from the Haraldskv.
In battle. They bear bloody shields. Red with blood are their spears when they come to fight. They form a closed group.
The prince in his wisdom puts trust in such men. Who hack through enemy shields. The . This was called Berserkergang.
Other Scandinavian kings used berserkers as part of their army of hirdmen and sometimes ranked them as equivalent to a royal bodyguard. It may be that some of those warriors only adopted the organization or rituals of berserk m. However, the sources describe several other characteristics that have been ignored or neglected by modern commentators. Snorri's assertion that . The sources frequently state that neither edged weapons nor fire affected the berserks, although they were not immune to clubs or other blunt instruments. For example: These men asked Halfdan to attack Hardbeen and his champions man by man; and he not only promised to fight, but assured himself the victory with most confident words.
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When Hardbeen heard this, a demoniacal frenzy suddenly took him; he furiously bit and devoured the edges of his shield; he kept gulping down fiery coals; he snatched live embers in his mouth and let them pass down into his entrails; he rushed through the perils of crackling fires; and at last, when he had raved through every sort of madness, he turned his sword with raging hand against the hearts of six of his champions. It is doubtful whether this madness came from thirst for battle or natural ferocity. Then with the remaining band of his champions he attacked Halfdan, who crushed him with a hammer of wondrous size, so that he lost both victory and life; paying the penalty both to Halfdan, whom he had challenged, and to the kings whose offspring he had violently ravished.. Another frequent motif refers to berserkers blunting their enemy's blades with spells or a glance from their evil eyes. This appears as early as Beowulf where it is a characteristic attributed to Grendel.
Both the fire eating and the immunity to edged weapons are reminiscent of tricks popularly ascribed to fakirs. By the 1. 2th century, organised berserker war- bands had disappeared. The Lewis Chessmen, found on the Isle of Lewis (Outer Hebrides, Scotland) but thought to be of Norse manufacture, include berserkers depicted biting their shields. Theories. This condition has been described as follows: This fury, which was called berserkergang, occurred not only in the heat of battle, but also during laborious work. Men who were thus seized performed things which otherwise seemed impossible for human power. This condition is said to have begun with shivering, chattering of the teeth, and chill in the body, and then the face swelled and changed its colour. With this was connected a great hot- headedness, which at last gave over into a great rage, under which they howled as wild animals, bit the edge of their shields, and cut down everything they met without discriminating between friend or foe.
The Chaste are an elite group of mysterious warriors whose base lies atop a mountain in an unknown location. Led by Stick for a time, and now led by Stone, the Chaste. John Stuart Mill (1806–1873). Chapter II: Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion.
When this condition ceased, a great dulling of the mind and feebleness followed, which could last for one or several days. In this way, other allied would know to keep their distance. My clinical experience with Vietnam combat veterans prompts me to place the berserk state at the heart of their most severe psychological and psychophysiological injuries. The Berserker: His Origin and Development in Old Norse Literature. University of Colorado. A History of Pagan Europe.
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